I. Pre - ubushakashatsi bwakazi
1. Kugenzura amashusho
Reba neza hejuru ya gari ya moshi kugirango yangiritse ku gipimo, ibishishwa, hamwe n’ibinure, kandi urebe kandi uko imiterere yibikeri bivanze.
2. Gukoraho
Reba ku mirimo ikora kandi itari - ikora ya gari ya moshi, inkombe ikora ya gari ya moshi, inkombe ya gari ya moshi y'ibaba ry'ibikeri na gari ya moshi y'umutima igikeri ukoraho amaboko yambaye ubusa kugira ngo urebe niba hari ibibyibushye.
3. Gupima ibikoresho
Koresha umutegetsi wo kugabanya gupima indangagaciro zo kugabanya gari ya moshi hamwe na gari ya moshi rwagati;
Koresha umutegetsi wicyuma kugirango upime ubunini bwuruhande rwibinure; koresha umwirondoro kugirango umenye umwirondoro wa gari ya moshi.
Koresha icyuma kigororotse hamwe na feri yo gupima kugirango ugenzure agace ka gari ya moshi hamwe nuburinganire bwa gari ya moshi. Menya gahunda yo gusya gari ya moshi ukurikije amakuru yikizamini yavuzwe haruguru.
Uburyo bwo gusya
Igabana ry'umurimo
Itsinda ryo gusya gari ya moshi rigizwe n'abantu 10, hamwe no kugabana imirimo ikurikira:
Umuntu umwe akora nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa, ahuza pre - ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kumurimo, kuri command - urubuga, no kugenera imirimo;
Umuntu umwe akoresha inguni yo gusya no gusya hamwe na gari ya moshi no guhinduranya ingirabuzimafatizo;
Abantu babiri bafasha muguhindura ibikoresho mugihe urusyo runyuze muri switch kugirango birinde kwangiza gari ya moshi;
Umuntu umwe akora urusyo rwo kwitabira gukora ibinure byo gusya;
Abantu batanu basigaye bafatanije gukoresha imashini isya hanyuma barangiza imirimo yo gusya kubufatanye.
II. Gusya
Mugihe cyo gusya, imashini 6 zo gusya zikora zikurikiranye: iyambere igomba gukoreshwa ni guhinduranya urusyo, rutanga umwanya wo gusya ibinure; ibikurikira 5 byiza bisya bikomeza ibikorwa ukurikije ingero zabanjirije -.
Inguni yo gusya ya gari ya moshi igenzurwa mu ntera ya -10 kugeza kuri dogere 52. Amategeko arambuye yo gukora kugirango ahindurwe inguni ni izi zikurikira:
Impamyabumenyi 0 kugeza kuri dogere 12 (dogere 2 kuri shift)
Impamyabumenyi 12 kugeza kuri dogere 20 (dogere 4 kuri buri mwanya)
Impamyabumenyi 20 kugeza kuri dogere 32 (dogere 6 kuri buri mwanya)
Impamyabumenyi 32 kugeza kuri dogere 52 (dogere 10 kuri buri mwanya)
Gusya inguni yo gukwirakwiza itsinda ryo gusya hanze (5 gusya neza) ni nkibi bikurikira:
1. Urusyo rwa mbere rwiza rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusya ingero za gipima kugirango ingingo zingufu zumuzingi zikandagira na gari ya moshi ziri kuri dogere 0 (umurongo wurumuri uri hagati) naho inguni ni (-10, -8, -6, -2, 0).
2. Urusyo rwa kabiri rwiza rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusya umunzani, ibice, n'ibice byaciwe. Inguni ni (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10).
3. Imashini ya gatatu nziza yo gusya ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutunganya gari ya moshi, kandi inguni ni (10, 12, 13, 16, 20).
4. Urusyo rwa kane rwiza rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusya gari ya moshi, kandi inguni ni (20, 26, 32, 42, 52).
5. Urusyo rwiza rwa gatanu rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusya ibice byangiritse cyane, kandi inguni ni (4, 6, 8, 10, 12).
Amashanyarazi atanu meza atangirira kumurongo wimbere hanyuma ugahita ukurikirana ukurikije icyerekezo cyinyuma kugirango usya kugeza kuri metero 15 hanze yumutwe inyuma yibihuru.
Mugihe cyo gusya, abakoresha bakeneye kureba hejuru ya gari ya moshi mugihe nyacyo binyuze mubigenzurwa nintoki.
Niba bigaragaye ko gusya bitujuje ibyateganijwe, uburyo bwo gusya bwisubiraho bugomba gukoreshwa ubudahwema ukurikije ibipimo byateganijwe kugeza igihe inenge nk'iminzani y’amafi, gukuramo no kugwa hejuru ya gari ya moshi zivanyweho.
Ⅲ. Gusya bya gari ya moshi
1. Gusya mugihe ukora
Koresha urusyo rwitabiriwe, uhindure uburebure bwuruziga rusya, kora hepfo yuruziga rusya 20-30mm munsi yumusya, uhindure inguni yuruziga ruva kuri dogere -2 kugeza kuri dogere 18, uhindure inguni kuri dogere 2, hanyuma usya mubice kugeza igihe ibinure byubuso buteganijwe kuri gari ya moshi shingiro bizakurwaho.
Mugihe cyo gusya, umubare wo gusya unyura kumpande zitandukanye ugenzurwa ukurikije ibyangiritse no gutandukana kwumwirondoro. Intego nyamukuru ni ugukuraho ibinure bya gari ya moshi shingiro no kwemeza ko gari ya moshi shingiro izengurutse kandi yoroshye.
2. Hejuru yo hejuru
Koresha urusyo rwiza kugirango uhindure uruziga rusya, guhera kuri dogere 30 kugeza kuri dogere 0 hanyuma uhindure inguni buri dogere 2-4-6 kugeza igipimo cyamafi, ibishishwa byikaraga hamwe numucyo utameze neza imbere ya gari ya moshi na gari ya moshi shingiro.
Igice cyimbere cya gari ya moshi yerekeza ku gace kuva kuri 50mm z'ubugari bwa gari ya moshi kugera hasi - ahahanamye imbere ya switch. Mugihe ukora, banza ukore switch kugirango ufungure, hanyuma utangire urusyo rwiza rwo gusya.
Mugihe cyo gusya, inguni yo gusya itangirira kuri dogere 30 hanyuma igabanuka buhoro buhoro kugeza kuri dogere 30, kandi inguni ihindurwa mukwiyongera kwa dogere 2, dogere 4, na dogere 6. Binyuze mu gusya kwa cycle, inenge nkubunini bwamafi, ibishishwa bikonjesha, imirongo idahwitse yumucyo, hamwe na gari ya moshi itaringaniye hejuru ya gari ya moshi y'ibanze iravaho.
Muri icyo gihe, umubare wigihe cyo gusya kuri buri mpande ugomba guhindurwa muburyo bukurikije urugero rwangiritse rwa gari ya moshi no gutandukana kwumwirondoro kugirango ubuziranenge bwo gusya bujuje ubuziranenge.
Ⅳ. Gusya gari ya moshi
1. Mbere yo gusya ingingo ya gari ya moshi, hagomba gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwakazi. Reba neza kandi ukore kuri gari ya moshi hamwe na gari ya moshi kugirango urebe niba ibinure binini, ibishushanyo, gukata cyane, ibimenyetso by'amafi, imirongo idakabije, hamwe no kwambara kutaringaniye. Koresha ikaramu yerekana ikimenyetso kugirango ugabanye ingingo zapimwe kugirango umenye aho usya.
2. Mugihe usya gari ya moshi, koresha inguni kugirango usane isonga ya gari ya moshi. Ikigamijwe ni ugukuraho intera ya metero 1.5 yumurongo wa gari ya moshi, kugabanya agaciro karenze imipaka nuduce duto tugwa, gusana isonga rya gari ya moshi kugeza igihe igabanuka ryujuje ibisabwa, no kugenzura neza neza hejuru yubuso bwa gari ya moshi muri 0.3.
Ⅴ. Gusya hagati yikibanza
Mbere yo gusya, genzura niba gari ya moshi yumutima wigikeri hamwe na gari ya moshi ifite ibinure, ibice byabuze, ibishushanyo, amafi mato mato mato, kwambara kutaringaniye, nibindi.
Kandi niba hari impande zibyibushye cyangwa ibice byabuze mu ngingo yibikeri byicyuma.
Mubisanzwe nukuvuga, ibinure byurugingo ni bito, nibyiza rero gukoresha inguni yo gusya kugirango usya. Inguni isya ni ntoya kandi yoroheje, byoroshye guhinduka no guhindura, kandi bifite ingaruka nziza.
Niba urusyo rwiza rukoreshwa mu gusya intangiriro yibikorwa byose, umwanya wo guhinduka no kuyobora ni nto, kandi intangiriro yo kwangirika irashobora kwangirika byoroshye iyo ikoreshejwe nabi.
Ⅵ. Kunyunyuza ingingo hamwe
Ihuriro rinyeganyega risanzwe ricibwa hamwe no gusya inguni, kandi impande zomekwe, kandi uduce duto duto dusanwa no gusya.
Banza, gabanya ibinure byurugingo, hanyuma ukoreshe inguni cyangwa urusyo kugirango ubigabanye. Inguni ya chamfer ni dogere 45 naho ubujyakuzimu ni 0.8-1.5mm.
Ⅶ. Gusana
Mubisanzwe, nyuma yo kwangirika gukuweho, abantu ntibitondera gusya, cyangwa cyane cyane ntibabisiga. Nyamara, gusya birashobora rwose gukuraho impande nziza nu mfuruka hejuru yubutaka, bigatuma ubuso bworoha. Imbaraga zingaruka za gari ya moshi ni nto kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi ya gari ya moshi ni ndende.
Imashini zisya ni igikoresho cyibanze cyo gutunganya gari ya moshi. Mbere yo gukora, switch igomba kwimurwa ikinguye, kandi umusaraba wose - igice cya gari ya moshi uhinduranya ukoresheje urusyo rukora inguni rufite icyuma cyoroshye.
Iki gikorwa kigamije gukuraho ibyobo byaho hamwe nubutaka bwasigaye nyuma yo gusya, kureba ko igice cyose cy'umusaraba - igice cya gari ya moshi cyoroshye kandi kiringaniye. By'umwihariko, birakenewe ko habaho ubworoherane bwahantu hacuramye gari ya moshi kugirango hagabanuke ibyago byamavuta kumpande zidakora -.
Mugihe cyo gusya, kimwe - ingingo yohanagura birabujijwe rwose. Birasabwa kwemeza uruziga ruzengurutse cyangwa rurerure rurambuye uburyo bwo gusya. Binyuze mubikorwa bimwe kandi byuzuye bya polishinge, uburinganire nuburinganire bwibisabwa hejuru ya gari ya moshi birashobora kugerwaho kugirango ubuzima bwa gari ya moshi bugerweho.
Ⅷ. Gusukura no gutunganya urubuga
Igikorwa cyo gusya kirangiye, koresha sima cyangwa urubura kugirango usukure icyuma kugirango ukureho ibyuma bisigaye, urebe ko ibyuma bitaguma kumurongo hamwe no guhuza ingingo.
Ⅸ. Ubuhanga bwo gutunganya
1. Iyo usya, ugomba guhitamo gari ya moshi yangiritse cyane. Niba gari ya moshi igoramye yangiritse cyane, banza usya gari ya moshi igoramye. Niba gari ya moshi igororotse yangiritse cyane, banza usya gari ya moshi igororotse.
2.
3. Iyo usya, koresha uburyo bwa "icyuma kimwe ukanda icyuma kimwe, kandi ukata na buri cyuma". Ubu buryo, ntihazabaho inguni zikarishye nyuma yo gusya.
4. Igikorwa cyo gusya ni ugukuraho ibyangiritse bito no kugabanya ibyangiritse cyane kubyangiritse byoroheje. Imiyoboro imeze nabi nyuma yo gusya igomba gusimburwa mugihe.
5. Iyo urusyo rwitabiriwe hamwe na gride nziza bigenda bigabanuka no gukuramo icyuma, bigomba gusunikwa kumuvuduko umwe. Ibi birashobora kwemeza ko gari ya moshi itazangirika nimbaraga nyinshi mugihe umanuye icyuma. Gukata bigomba gukururwa ku muvuduko umwe.
6. Iyo urusyo runyuze mu mwanya wangiritse kuri centre itangaye, hakenewe undi muntu kugirango afashe gusunika imashini kugirango ibiziga bitagenda kandi byangiza inzira yumutima.
7. Usibye kwita ku byangiritse kuri gari ya moshi, ingingo z’imihindagurikire ya gari ya moshi nazo zizagenwa hashingiwe ku miterere y’umucyo uri hejuru ya gari ya moshi.
Mu gusya gariyamoshi, aho uhurira hagati yiziga na gari ya moshi yimurwa uko bishoboka kwose hejuru. Ibi birashobora kugabanya guhangayikishwa cyane na gari ya moshi, bigatuma gariyamoshi ihangayikishwa, kandi igatinda kurema ibinure byamavuta hamwe n umunzani w amafi kumpande zifatika zinguni.
8. Irinde "gutema" cyangwa "gukuramo" icyuma mu mwanya. Ingano yo gusya no gukata igomba kwiyongera buhoro buhoro cyangwa kugabanuka mugihe urusyo rugenda kugirango harebwe uburinganire kumurongo.
9. Igihe cyose amafaranga yo kugabanya yahinduwe, agomba kuba yoroheje. Witondere kugenda kwiziga ryabafasha mugihe cyo gukora kugirango wirinde kugwa munzira no gukomeretsa amaboko n'amaguru cyangwa kwangiza gari ya moshi. Ntukimure urusyo nyuma yo gusya uruziga ruhuza gariyamoshi kugirango rutange urumuri, kugirango wirinde gusya umutwe kuzunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi ahantu hamwe no kwangiza gari ya moshi.
10. Ntugaburire uruziga rusya cyane icyarimwe kugirango wirinde gutera gari ya moshi guhinduka ubururu.
11. Niba imashini isenyutse mugihe ikora cyangwa uruziga rusya rugomba gusimburwa, funga imashini ako kanya hanyuma ukomeze intambwe ikurikira.
12. Mugihe cyo gusya, kurikiza ihame ry "umubare muto no gusya kenshi" kugirango urebe ko gusya birenze bidakozwe.
